Colonization and epidemic diseases in the Upper Rio Negro region, brazilian Amazon (eighteenth-nineteenth centuries)
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open access
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Article
Date
2018
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Universidad de Antioquia
Alternative Title
Colonización y epidemias en la región del Alto Río Negro, Amazonía brasileña (siglos dieciocho-diecinueve)
Colonização e epidemias na região do Alto Rio Negro, Amazônia brasileira (séculos dezoito-dezenove)
Colonisation et épidémies dans la région d'Alto Rio Negro, Amazonie brésilienne (siècles dix-huit et dix-neuf)
Colonização e epidemias na região do Alto Rio Negro, Amazônia brasileira (séculos dezoito-dezenove)
Colonisation et épidémies dans la région d'Alto Rio Negro, Amazonie brésilienne (siècles dix-huit et dix-neuf)
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Abstract
O artigo examina o impacto demográfico e sanitário da colonização do alto Rio Negro nos séculos dezoito e dezenove. Epidemias de varíola, sarampo e febres assolaram as populações nativas, contribuindo para a depopulação da região e exaurindo a força de trabalho indígena que era vital para a sobrevivência econômica da colônia portuguesa e do império brasileiro. Ele examina como colonizadores e cientistas explicaram a vulnerabilidade biológica dos Índios à varíola e ao sarampo, os maiores dizimadores da população indígena nesses períodos, e também discute da natureza das doenças que acometeram as populações nativas.
Abstract
This paper examines demographic and health impacts of the colonization of the upper Rio Negro region during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Smallpox, measles, and epidemic fevers plagued native populations, contributing to the depopulation of the region and depleting the Indian workforce crucial to the economic survival of the Portuguese colony and the Brazilian empire. It examines how colonists and scientists explained the biological vulnerability to smallpox and measles, two major killers of Indians during these periods, and also discusses the nature of the diseases that plagued Indian populations.
Abstract in Spanish
Este artículo examina el impacto demográfico y sanitario de la colonización de la región del Alto Río Negro en los siglos dieciocho y diecinueve. Epidemias de viruela, sarampión y fiebres azotaron las poblaciones nativas, contribuyendo a la despoblación de la región y destruyendo la fuerza de trabajo nativa que era vital para la supervivencia económica de la colonia portuguesa y del imperio brasileño. Este examina cómo los colonizadores y los científicos han explicado la vulnerabilidad biológica de los indígenas a la viruela y al sarampión, los mayores diezmadores de la población indígena en estos períodos, y también discute la naturaleza de las enfermedades que han afectado las poblaciones nativas.
Abstract in French
L’article examine l’impact démographique et hygiénique de la colonisation d’alto Rio negro dans les siècles dix-huit et dix-neuf. Épidémies de variole, rougeole et fièvres ravagèrent les populations natives, en contribuant au dépeuplement de la région et en épuisant la main d’œuvre indigène qui était crucial pour la survie de la colonie portugaise et l’empire brésilien. Il examine comme colonisateurs et scientifiques ont expliqué la vulnérabilité biologique à la variole et à la rougeole, les plus grands décimateurs de la population indigène dans ces périodes, et aussi il discute la nature des maladies qui ont ravagé les populations indigènes.
Description
This paper is based on the data collected in Brazil during the years 1984-2004 in the context of projects developed with the Museum Emílio Goeldi, the University of Brasília, the University of São Paulo, and the Instituto Socioambiental under a scientific agreement between IRD and CNPq Centro Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brazil). I express my gratitude to these institutions for providing me the opportunity to make research among Indians from the upper Rio Negro region. Special thanks go to MJ Robert for her revision of the English writing. My thanks also go to Gabriel Cabrera Becerra for inviting me to contribute to the first number (2018) of the Boletín de Antropología de la Universidad de Antioquia and to the anonymous reviewers of this paper for their helpful comments and their suggestions for future works.
Keywords in Portuguese
Região Amazônica, Amazonas, Alto Rio Negro, Contato Inter-étnico
Keywords
History of Brazil, Colonization, Epidemic diseases, Interethnic contact, Indigenous peoples, Brazilian Amazon
Keywords in Spanish
Historia brasileña, Colonización, Epidemias, Contacto inter-étnico, Pueblos indígenas, Amazonía brasileña
Keywords in French
Histoire de Brésil, Colonisation, Épidémies, Contact interethnique, Populations indigènes, Amazonie brésilienne
DeCS
Brasil, Ecossistema Amazônico, Saúde de Populações Indígenas, Epidemias
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BUCHILLET, Dominique. Colonization and epidemic diseases in the Upper Rio Negro region, brazilian Amazon (eighteenth-nineteenth centuries). Boletín de Antropología, v. 33, n. 55, p. 102-122, 1 Jan. 2018.
ISBN
ISSN
0120-2510
DOI
10.17533/udea.boan.v33n55a06