Prevalence of anemia and associated factors among indigenous children in Brazil: results from the first national survey of indigenous people's health and nutrition
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open access
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Article
Date
2013
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BMC
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Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de CiĂȘncias da SaĂșde. Departamento de Nutrição. FlorianĂłpolis, SC, Brasil.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de SaĂșde PĂșblica Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de SaĂșde PĂșblica Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de SaĂșde PĂșblica Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Instituto de SaĂșde Coletiva. CuiabĂĄ, MT, Brasil.
Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Centro de CiĂȘncias da SaĂșde. Departamento de Nutrição. Recife, PE, Brasil.
Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Faculdade de Medicina. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia. Pelotas, RS, Brasil.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de SaĂșde PĂșblica Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. FĂłrum de CiĂȘncia e Cultura. Museu Nacional. Departamento de Antropologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Universidade Federal de RondĂŽnia. Departamento de CiĂȘncias BiomĂ©dicas. Porto Velho, RO, Brasil.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de SaĂșde PĂșblica Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de SaĂșde PĂșblica Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de SaĂșde PĂșblica Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Instituto de SaĂșde Coletiva. CuiabĂĄ, MT, Brasil.
Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Centro de CiĂȘncias da SaĂșde. Departamento de Nutrição. Recife, PE, Brasil.
Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Faculdade de Medicina. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia. Pelotas, RS, Brasil.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de SaĂșde PĂșblica Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. FĂłrum de CiĂȘncia e Cultura. Museu Nacional. Departamento de Antropologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Universidade Federal de RondĂŽnia. Departamento de CiĂȘncias BiomĂ©dicas. Porto Velho, RO, Brasil.
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Abstract
Abstract
Background: Anemia is the most prevalent nutritional deficiency globally, affecting about a quarter of the world population. In Brazil, about one-fifth of children under five years of age are anemic. Previous case studies indicate prevalence rates much higher among indigenous peoples in the country. The First National Survey of Indigenous People's Health and Nutrition in Brazil, conducted in 2008â2009, was the first survey based on a nationwide representative sample to study the prevalence of anemia and associated factors among indigenous children in Brazil. Methods: The survey assessed the health and nutritional status of indigenous children < 5 years of age based on a representative sample of major Brazilian geopolitical regions. A stratified probabilistic sampling was carried out for indigenous villages. Within villages, children < 5 years of age in sampled households were included in the study. Prevalence rates of anemia were calculated for independent variables and hierarchical multivariate analysis were conducted to assess associations. Results: Evaluation of hemoglobin levels was conducted for 5,397 children (88.1% of the total sample). The overall prevalence of anemia was 51.2%. Higher risk of presenting anemia was documented for boys, lower maternal schooling, lower household socioeconomic status, poorer sanitary conditions, presence of maternal anemia, and anthropometric deficits. Regional differences were observed, with the highest rate being observed in the North. Conclusions: The prevalence rates of anemia in indigenous children were approximately double than those reported for non-indigenous Brazilian children in the same age group. Similarly notable differences in the occurrence of anemia in indigenous and non-indigenous children have been reported for other countries. Deeper knowledge about the etiology of anemia in indigenous children in Brazil is essential to its proper treatment and prevention.
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Keywords in Portuguese
RegiĂŁo Norte, RegiĂŁo Nordeste, RegiĂŁo Centro-Oeste, RegiĂŁo Sul, RegiĂŁo Sudeste, Desigualdades em SaĂșde, InquĂ©rto Nacional de SaĂșde e Nutrição de Povos IndĂgenas, Alimentação e Nutrição
Keywords
Brazil, Indigenous peoples, Health surveys, Nutrition surveys, Health status indicators, Anemia, Child health
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Keywords in French
DeCS
Brasil, Ăndios Sul-Americanos, SaĂșde de PopulaçÔes IndĂgenas, Epidemiologia, SaĂșde da Criança, Estudos EpidemiolĂłgicos, Anemia, Avaliação Nutricional, Indicadores BĂĄsicos de SaĂșde, Disparidades nos NĂveis de SaĂșde, DeficiĂȘncias Nutricionais, InquĂ©ritos Nutricionais, Transição Nutricional, Alimentos, Dieta e Nutrição
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The Brazilian Ministry of Health and the World Bank provided financial support through the Vigisus II projectFUNASAEscola Nacional de SaĂșde PĂșblica
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LEITE, MaurĂcio S. et al. Prevalence of anemia and associated factors among indigenous children in Brazil: results from the first national survey of indigenous people's health and nutrition. Nutrition Journal, v. 12, n. 69, p. 1-11, 28 May 2013.
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1475-2891
DOI
10.1186/1475-2891-12-69