Anthropometric and hematological tests to diagnose nutritional deficiencies in schoolchildren of indigenous communities living in the Andean region of Ecuador
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open access
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Article
Date
2017
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Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas
Alternative Title
Análise antropométrica e hematológica para o diagnóstico de deficiências nutricionais em escolares de comunidades indígenas que vivem na cordilheira dos Andes no Equador
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National University of Chimborazo. Faculty of Health Sciences. School of Clinical Laboratory. Riobamba, Ecuador.
National University of Chimborazo. Faculty of Health Sciences. School of Clinical Laboratory. Riobamba, Ecuador.
National University of Chimborazo. Faculty of Health Sciences. School of Medicine. Riobamba, Ecuador.
Temple University. College of Science and Technology. Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine. Philadelphia, PA, USA.
National University of Chimborazo. Faculty of Health Sciences. School of Clinical Laboratory. Riobamba, Ecuador.
National University of Chimborazo. Faculty of Health Sciences. School of Medicine. Riobamba, Ecuador.
Temple University. College of Science and Technology. Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine. Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Abstract
Objetivo: Realizar avaliações antropométricas e biométrico-hematológicas em escolares da cordilheira dos Andes no Equador, a fim de melhorar o diagnóstico de deficiências nutricionais. Métodos: O estudo foi realizado na escola San Juan (Chimborazo, Equador), localizada a 3240 metros acima do nível do mar, a 36 crianças de 5 e 6 anos de idade. Foram analisadas as medidas antropométricas (peso, altura e índice de massa corporal) e as concentrações de hemoglobina e hematócrito. A medida da hemoglobina foi avaliada considerando os valores absolutos e os corrigidos pela altura geográfica. Resultados: A população escolar apresentou alta prevalência de altura baixa (44%). Os valores de hematócrito (p=0,001) e hemoglobina (p=0,003) foram maiores nas meninas. Deve-se destacar que usando o valor normal da hemoglobina, a anemia não foi detectada. No entanto, quase um quinto dos escolares estudados foram diagnosticados com anemia quando os fatores de correção adaptados à altitude foram aplicados. Conclusão: O uso de fatores de correção adaptados à altitude é considerado fundamental ao fazer uma biometria a os habitantes da zona para evitar um diagnóstico errôneo. Além disso, é necessário estabelecer os fatores ambientais associados ao retardo do crescimento que existe nesta região dos Andes.
Abstract
Objective: To carry out the anthropometric and biometric-hematological assessments in schoolchildren of the Andean region of Ecuador, in order to improve the diagnosis of nutritional deficiencies. Methods: The study has been carried out in the San Juan School (Chimborazo, Ecuador), located at 3,240m of altitude, to 36 children of 5 and 6 years old. Anthropometric analyses (weight, height and body mass index), and hematocrit and hemoglobin concentrations were measured. The hemoglobin measurement was evaluated considering the normal value and the one adapted to the altitude of the area. Results: The schoolchildren showed high prevalence of stunting (44%). The values of hematocrit (p=0.001) and hemoglobin (p=0.003) were higher in girls. It should be highlighted that using the normal value of hemoglobin, anemia was not detected. However almost a fifth of the schoolchildren studied were diagnosed with anemia when we applied the correction factors adapted to the altitude. Conclusion: The use of correction factors adapted to the altitude is considered essential to do the hematology test in populations that live in high altitude in order to avoid a false diagnosis. Moreover, it is necessary to establish the environmental factors related to the stunted growth of this population of the Andean region.
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Keywords in Portuguese
Anemia, Antropometria, Biometria, Desenvolvimento infantil, População indígena, Alimentação e Nutrição
Keywords
Anemia, Anthropometry, Biometry, Child development, Indigenous population
Keywords in Spanish
Keywords in French
DeCS
Brasil, Índios Sul-Americanos, Saúde de Populações Indígenas, Anemia, Avaliação Nutricional, Antropometria, Desenvolvimento Infantil, Alimentos, Dieta e Nutrição
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ROBALINO FLORES, Ximena del Rocío et al. Anthropometric and hematological tests to diagnose nutritional deficiencies in schoolchildren of indigenous communities living in the Andean region of Ecuador. Revista de Nutrição, v. 30, n. 6, p. 723-733, nov./dez. 2017.
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ISSN
1415-5273
DOI
10.1590/1678-98652017000600005