Reconstructing Native American population history
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open access
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2012
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Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA / Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, UK /Department of Psychiatry and Centre for Genomic Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA / Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, UK / Anthropologie Bioculturelle, Droit, Ethique et Santé (ADES), UMR 7268, Aix-Marseille Université/ CNRS/EFS, Marseille, France
Institute for Environmental Sciences, and Forel Institute, University of Geneva, Switzerland
Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, UK / Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, UK / Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, UK / Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Fundación Salud para el Trópico, Santa Marta, Colombia
Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, UK / Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular, La Plata, Argentina
Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular, La Plata, Argentina
Servicio de Huellas Digitales Genéticas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, UK / Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
National Institute of Anthropology and History, Mexico City, México
Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo de Lípidos and Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, México
Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo de Lípidos and Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, México / Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, UNAM, México City, México
Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, UK /Department of Psychiatry and Centre for Genomic Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA / Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, UK / Anthropologie Bioculturelle, Droit, Ethique et Santé (ADES), UMR 7268, Aix-Marseille Université/ CNRS/EFS, Marseille, France
Institute for Environmental Sciences, and Forel Institute, University of Geneva, Switzerland
Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, UK / Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, UK / Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, UK / Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Fundación Salud para el Trópico, Santa Marta, Colombia
Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, UK / Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular, La Plata, Argentina
Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular, La Plata, Argentina
Servicio de Huellas Digitales Genéticas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, UK / Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
National Institute of Anthropology and History, Mexico City, México
Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo de Lípidos and Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, México
Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo de Lípidos and Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, México / Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, UNAM, México City, México
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Abstract
The peopling of the Americas has been the subject of extensive genetic, archaeological and linguistic research; however, central questions remain unresolved. One contentious issue is whether the settlement occurred by means of a single migration or multiple streams of migration from Siberia. The pattern of dispersals within the Americas is also poorly understood. To address these questions at a higher resolution than was previously possible, we assembled data from 52 Native American and 17 Siberian groups genotyped at 364,470 single nucleotide polymorphisms. Here we show that Native Americans descend from at least three streams of Asian gene flow. Most descend entirely from a single ancestral population that we call 'First American'. However, speakers of Eskimo-Aleut languages from the Arctic inherit almost half their ancestry from a second stream of Asian gene flow, and the Na-Dene-speaking Chipewyan from Canada inherit roughly one-tenth of their ancestry from a third stream. We show that the initial peopling followed a southward expansion facilitated by the coast, with sequential population splits and little gene flow after divergence, especially in South America. A major exception is in Chibchan speakers on both sides of the Panama isthmus, who have ancestry from both North and South America.
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Population Dynamics, Health of Indigenous Peoples, Demography
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Saúde de Populações Indígenas, Dinâmica Populacional, Demografia, Américas
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REICH, David; et al. Reconstructing Native American population history. Nature, v. 488, n. 7411, p. 370-374, 2012.
ISBN
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1476-4687
DOI
10.1038/nature11258