Increased vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2 infection among indigenous people living in the urban area of Manaus

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open access
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Article
Date
2021
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Nature Publishing Group
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Laboratório de Imunologia e Virologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Coordenação Sociedade, Ambiente e Saúde. Manaus, AM, Brasil/Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada. Manaus, AM, Brasil/ Universidade do Estado do Amazonas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia. Manaus, AM, Brasil
Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM). Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada. Manaus, AM, Brasil
Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia. Manaus, AM, Brasil
Laboratório de Imunologia e Virologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Coordenação Sociedade, Ambiente e Saúde. Manaus, AM, Brasil
Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, Campus do Araguaia. Barra das Garças, MT, Brasil
Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM). Faculdade de Medicina. Departamento de Saúde Coletiva. Manaus, AM, Brasil
Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM). Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada. Manaus, AM, Brasil
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA). Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal-PPG-BIONORTE. Manaus, AM, Brasil
Universidade do Estado do Amazonas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia. Manaus, AM, Brasil
Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM). Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada. Manaus, AM, Brasil / Universidade do Estado do Amazonas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia. Manaus, AM, Brasil/Universidade Federal do Amazonas. Escola de Enfermagem. Manaus, AM, Brasil
Laboratório de Imunologia e Virologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA). Coordenação Sociedade, Ambiente e Saúde. Manaus, AM, Brasil
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Abstract
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The COVID-19 pandemic threatens indigenous peoples living in suburban areas of large Brazilian cities and has thus far intensified their pre-existing socio-economic inequalities. We evaluated the epidemiological situation of SARS-CoV-2 infection among residents of the biggest urban multiethnic indigenous community of the Amazonas state, Brazil. Blood samples of 280 indigenous people living in the surrounding area of Manaus were tested for the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA or IgG antibodies. The risk factors and sociodemographic information were assessed through an epidemiological questionnaire. We found a total positivity rate of 64.64% (95% CI 59.01-70.28) for SARS-CoV-2 infection. IgA and IgG were detected in 55.71% (95% CI 49.89-61.54) and 60.71% (95% CI 54.98-66.45) of the individuals, respectively. Over 80% of positive individuals were positive for both IgA and IgG.No significant difference in positivity rates between genders or age groups was observed. Moreover, the age group ≥ 60 years old showed the highest antibody ratios (IgA mean ratio = 3.080 ± 1.623; IgG mean ratio = 4.221 ± 1.832), while the age groups 13-19 and 20-29 showed the lowest IgA (mean ratio = 2.268 ± 0.919) and IgG ratios (mean ratio = 2.207 ± 1.246), respectively. Individuals leaving the home more frequently were at higher risk of infection (Odds ratio (OD) 2.61; 95% CI 1.00-1.49; p = 0.048). Five or more individuals per household increased fivefold the risk of virus transmission (OR 2.56; 95% CI 1.09-6.01; p = 0.019). The disproportionate dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 infection observed among the study population might be driven by typical cultural behavior and socioeconomic inequalities. Despite the pandemic threat, this population is not being targeted by public policies and appears to be chronically invisible to the Brazilian authorities.
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Amazonas, Amazônia Brasileira, Região Norte, Região Amazônica, Indígenas em Contexto Urbano
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Brasil, Saúde de Populações Indígenas, Índios Sul-Americanos, Infecções por Coronavirus, Epidemiologia, Desigualdade Social, População Urbana
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PONTES, G. S.; et al. Increased vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2 infection among indigenous people living in the urban area of Manaus. Sci Rep. v. 11, n. 1, p. 17534. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-96843-1. PMID: 34475438; PMCID: PMC8413354.
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10.1038/s41598-021-96843-1
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